Read-only memory circuit

ABSTRACT

A memory circuit includes first and second active structures extending along a first direction. The first active structure has a shared source portion and first and second drain portions corresponding to source and drain nodes of first and second memory cells. The second active structure has a shared source portion and third and fourth drain portions corresponding to source and drain nodes of third and fourth memory cells. A first conductive structure extends along a second direction and electrically connects the shared source portions of the first and second active structures, and first and second bit lines extend over the first and second active structures. A via plug is part of a direct electrical connection between the first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions.

PRIORITY CLAIM

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/688,696, filed Nov. 19, 2019, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/863,090, filed Jan. 5, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,490,554, issued Nov. 26, 2019, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/610,158, filed Jan. 30, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,887,186, issued Feb. 6, 2018, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) industry has experienced rapid growth. Technological advances in IC materials and design have produced generations of ICs where each generation has smaller and more complex circuits than the previous generation. In the course of integrated circuit evolution, functional density (i.e., the number of interconnected devices per chip area) has generally increased while geometry size (i.e., the smallest component or line that can be created using a fabrication process) has decreased. When the width of a conductive line becomes smaller, the unit-length resistance of the conductive line becomes greater. Also, when the number of memory cells in a memory circuit increases, the lengths and corresponding resistance of data lines (such as bit lines) and control lines (such as word lines) of the memory circuit increases. In many applications, an operating speed of a memory circuit is determinable based on the resistance of bit lines and/or word lines thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a memory circuit in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a group of four memory cells in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a portion of a layout design of the four memory cells in FIG. 2 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a top view of a portion of a memory circuit fabricated based on the layout diagram of FIG. 3 in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5-8 are cross-sectional views of the memory circuit in FIG. 4 taken along various reference lines in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method of forming a layout design of a memory circuit in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of a layout system in accordance with one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

Further, spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present application, a layout design of a memory circuit is based on a unit layout design corresponding to two-by-two memory cells. The unit layout design includes two bit lines and one shared reference voltage line in a conductive layer below the lowest via plug layer of the memory circuit. As such, the cell height for a unit layout design corresponding to two-by-two memory cells is reduced, and a length of word lines of the unit layout design is reduced in comparison with a configuration that has two bit lines and two reference voltage lines.

Furthermore, in some applications using multiple patterning technology, a group of four conductive lines (having three line pitches) occupies an area that is 150% or greater than an area occupied by a group of three conductive lines (having two line pitches). In such application, the unit layout design includes three conductive lines (e.g., two bit lines and one shared reference voltage line) avoids using a group of four conductive lines in a unit layout design.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a memory circuit 100 in accordance with some embodiments. Memory circuit 100 is a read-only memory (ROM) including a global controller 110, global input/output (GIO) circuits 120L and 120R, a word line decoder 130, and memory cell arrays 140L and 140R. In operation, global controller 110 activates a word line (e.g., word line 152) via word line decoder 130 and activate a sensing circuit in GIO circuits 120L and 120R corresponding to a selected bit line (e.g., bit line 154) in order to read a stored datum from a selected memory cell (e.g., memory cell 156) of memory cell arrays 140L and 140R.

In some embodiments, memory cell arrays 140L and 140R are fabricated according to a layout design formed by tiling a plurality of unit layout cells. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, a unit layout cell corresponds to a group of four memory cells 160, where the memory cells thereof are arranged into two columns and two rows. In some embodiments, the unit layout cell corresponding to the group of four memory cells 160 is also referred to as a two-by-two unit layout cell.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a group of four memory cells 200 in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the group of four memory cells 200 corresponds to the group of four memory cells 160 depicted in FIG. 1.

The group of four memory cells 200 includes four memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218 coupled with word lines WL1 and WL2, bit lines BL1 and BL2, and a reference voltage line VSS. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218 are N-type transistors having corresponding gate nodes 212 g, 214 g, 216 g, and 218 g; corresponding source nodes 212 s, 214 s, 216 s, and 218 s; and corresponding drain nodes 212 d, 214 d, 216 d, and 218 d. Gate nodes 212 g and 216 g are electrically coupled with word line WL1. Gate nodes 214 g and 218 g are electrically coupled with word line WL2. Source nodes 212 s, 214 s, 216 s, and 218 s are electrically coupled with reference voltage line VSS. Drain nodes 212 d and 214 d are electrically coupled with bit line BL1. Drain nodes 216 d and 218 d are electrically coupled with bit line BL2.

In some embodiments, one or both of drain nodes 212 d and 214 d are not electrically coupled with bit line BL1. In some embodiments, one or both of drain nodes 216 d and 218 d are not electrically coupled with bit line BL2. Whether the drain node 212 d, 214 d, 216 d, or 218 d is electrically coupled with the corresponding bit line BL1 or BL2 depends on a programming state of the memory cell 212, 214, 216, or 218. For example, if memory cell 212 is set to a programmed state, drain node 212 d is not electrically coupled with bit line BL1. On the other hand, if memory cell 212 is set to a non-programmed state, drain node 212 d is electrically coupled with bit line BL1.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218 are N-type transistors. In some embodiments, memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218 are P-type transistors.

FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a portion of a layout design 300 of the four memory cells in FIG. 2 in accordance with some embodiments. Layout design 300 includes a first memory cell region 302 corresponding to memory cell 212 in FIG. 2, a second memory cell region 304 corresponding to memory cell 214, a third memory cell region 306 corresponding to memory cell 216, and a fourth memory cell region 308 corresponding to memory cell 218.

The first, second, third, and fourth memory cell regions 302-308 are arranged to abut one another in a two-by-two manner. First and second memory cell regions 302 and 304 are placed side by side along a column direction Y. Third and fourth memory cell regions 306 and 308 are placed side by side along the column direction Y. First and third memory cell regions 302 and 306 are placed side by side along a row direction X. Second and fourth memory cell regions 304 and 308 are placed side by side along the row direction X.

Layout design 300 also includes oxide diffusion (OD) layout patterns 312 and 314, conductive layout patterns 322, 324, 325, 326, and 327 of a conductive layout layer, conductive layout patterns 332, 334, and 336 of another conductive layout layer, via layout patterns 342, 344, 345, 346, and 347, and gate layout patterns 352, 354, 356, and 358.

OD layout pattern 312 corresponds to an active structure (e.g., 412 in FIG. 4) for forming memory cells 212 and 214. OD layout pattern 312 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the first memory cell region 302 and the second memory cell region 304. OD layout pattern 312 includes a shared source portion 312 a and drain portions 312 b and 312 c. The shared source portion 312 a overlaps the first memory cell region 302 and the second memory cell region 304. Shared source portion 312 a corresponds to source nodes 212 s and 214 s of memory cells 212 and 214. Drain portion 312 b corresponds to drain node 212 d of memory cell 212. Drain portion 312 c corresponds to the drain node 214 d of memory cell 214.

OD layout pattern 314 corresponds to another active structure (e.g., 414 in FIG. 4) for forming memory cells 216 and 218. OD layout pattern 314 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the third memory cell region 306 and the fourth memory cell region 308. OD layout pattern 314 includes a shared source portion 314 a and drain portions 314 b and 314 c. The shared source portion 314 a overlaps the third memory cell region 306 and the fourth memory cell region 308. Shared source portion 314 a corresponds to source nodes 216 s and 218 s of memory cells 216 and 218. Drain portion 314 b corresponds to drain node 216 d of memory cell 216. Drain portion 314 c corresponds to the drain node 218 d of memory cell 218.

Conductive layout pattern 322 corresponds to a conductive structure (e.g., 422 in FIG. 4). The conductive structure 422 is under a lowest via plug layer of the memory circuit. In some embodiments, conductive structure 422 is at a conductive layer that is referred to as a metal-0 (M0) layer, a metal-0 over OD (MOOD) layer, or a sub-layer of the MOOD layer. Conductive layout pattern 322 extends along the row direction X and overlaps the shared source portions 312 a and 314 a. The conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 322 electrically connects the portions of active structures corresponding to the shared source portions 312 a and 314 a.

Conductive layout patterns 324 and 325 correspond to conductive structures (e.g., 424 and 425 in FIG. 4) that are at the same conductive layer as the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 322. Conductive layout pattern 324 overlaps the drain portion 312 b, and conductive layout pattern 325 overlaps the drain portion 312 c. The conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 324 is electrically coupled with the portion of active structure corresponding to the drain portion 312 b, and the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 325 is electrically coupled with the portion of active structure corresponding to the drain portion 312 c.

Conductive layout patterns 326 and 327 correspond to conductive structures (e.g., 426 and 427 in FIG. 4) that are at the same conductive layer as the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 322. Conductive layout pattern 326 overlaps the drain portion 314 b, and conductive layout pattern 327 overlaps the drain portion 314 c. The conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 326 is electrically coupled with the portion of active structure corresponding to the drain portion 314 b, and the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 327 is electrically coupled with the portion of active structure corresponding to the drain portion 314 c.

Conductive layout pattern 332 corresponds to a conductive structure (e.g., 432 in FIG. 4). The conductive structure 432 is above the lowest via plug layer of the memory circuit. In some embodiments, conductive structure 432 is at a conductive layer that is referred to as a metal-1 (M1) layer. Conductive layout pattern 332 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the conductive layout pattern 322. The conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 332 is electrically coupled with the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 322. In some embodiments, conductive layout pattern 332 corresponds to forming a reference voltage line VSS in FIG. 2.

Conductive layout pattern 334 corresponds to conductive structures (e.g., 434 in FIG. 4) that are at the same conductive layer as the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 332. Conductive layout pattern 334 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the OD layout pattern 312. The conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 334 is electrically coupled with none, or one, or both of the portions of active structure corresponding to the drain portions 312 b and 312 c according to the logical value to be stored in memory cells 212 and 214. In some embodiments, conductive layout pattern 334 corresponds to forming a bit line BL1 in FIG. 2.

Conductive layout pattern 336 corresponds to conductive structures (e.g., 436 in FIG. 4) that are at the same conductive layer as the conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 332. Conductive layout pattern 336 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the OD layout pattern 314. The conductive structure formed based on conductive layout pattern 336 is electrically coupled with none, or one, or both of the portions of active structure corresponding to the drain portions 314 a and 314 c according to the logical value to be stored in memory cells 216 and 218. In some embodiments, conductive layout pattern 336 corresponds to forming a bit line BL2 in FIG. 2.

Via layout pattern 342 corresponds to a via plug (e.g., via plug 442 in FIGS. 4 and 6). The via plug 442 is at the lowest via plug layer of the memory circuit. The via plug formed based on via layout pattern 342 is between and electrically connecting the conductive structures formed based on conductive layout pattern 322 and conductive layout pattern 332.

Via layout patterns 344 and 345 correspond to via plugs (e.g., 444 and 445 in FIGS. 4 and 5). Via plugs 444 and 445 are at the same via plug layer of the memory circuit as via plug 442. The via plug formed based on via layout pattern 344 is between and electrically connecting the conductive structures formed based on conductive layout pattern 324 and conductive layout pattern 334. The via plug formed based on via layout pattern 345 is between and electrically connecting the conductive structures formed based on conductive layout pattern 325 and conductive layout pattern 334. In some embodiments, none, or one, or both of via layout patterns 344 and 345 are in the layout design 300 depending on the programming states of memory cells 212 and 214.

Via layout patterns 346 and 347 correspond to via plugs (e.g., 446 and 447 in FIG. 4) at the same via plug layer of the memory circuit as via plug 442. The via plug formed based on via layout pattern 346 is between and electrically connecting the conductive structures formed based on conductive layout pattern 326 and conductive layout pattern 336. The via plug formed based on via layout pattern 347 is between and electrically connecting the conductive structures formed based on conductive layout pattern 327 and conductive layout pattern 336. In some embodiments, none, or one, or both of via layout patterns 346 and 347 are in the layout design 300 depending on the programming states of memory cells 216 and 218.

Gate layout pattern 352 extends along the row direction X and overlaps OD layout patterns 312 and 314. Gate layout pattern 352 corresponds to a gate structure of memory cell 212 and a gate structure of memory cell 216. Therefore, a conductive feature formed based on gate layout pattern 352 is associated with gate node 212 g of memory cell 212 and gate node 216 g of memory cell 216. In some embodiments, gate layout pattern 352 corresponds to forming a word line WL1 in FIG. 2.

Gate layout pattern 354 extends along the row direction X and overlaps OD layout patterns 312 and 314. Gate layout pattern 354 corresponds to a gate structure of memory cell 214 and a gate structure of memory cell 218. Therefore, a conductive feature formed based on gate layout pattern 354 is associated with gate node 214 g of memory cell 214 and gate node 218 g of memory cell 218. In some embodiments, gate layout pattern 354 corresponds to forming a word line WL1 in FIG. 2.

Gate layout patterns 356 and 358 extend along the row direction X and overlap OD layout patterns 312 and 314. Gate layout patterns 356 and 358 do not corresponds to any gate node of memory cells 212-218. In some embodiments, gate layout patterns 356 and 358 are omitted.

FIG. 4 is a top view of a portion of a memory circuit 400 fabricated based on the layout diagram of FIG. 3 in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory circuit 400 corresponds to a portion of memory circuit 100. Also, one or more dielectric layers and/or isolation structures are omitted in FIG. 4 are omitted.

Memory circuit 400 includes a substrate (402 in FIGS. 5-8), active structures 412 and 414 over substrate 402, conductive structures 422, 424, 425, 426, and 427 over active structures 412 and 414, conductive structures 432, 434, and 436 over conductive structures 422-427, via plugs 442, 444, 445, 446, and 447 between a conductive layer corresponding to conductive structures 422-427 and another conductive layer corresponding to conductive structures 432-436, and gate structure 452, 454, 456, and 458 over substrate 402. Memory circuit 400 also includes conductive structures (e.g., conductive structures 462, 464, 466, and 468 in FIGS. 5-7) connecting between a conductive layer corresponding to conductive structures 422-427 and substrate 402. In some embodiments, conductive structures 462, 464, 466, and 468 are at a conductive layer that is referred to as a sub-layer of the MOOD layer. In some embodiments, the conductive layer corresponding to conductive structures 462-468 is called a MOOD1 layer, and the conductive layer corresponding to conductive structures 422-427 is called a MOOD2 layer. In some embodiments, the conductive layer corresponding to conductive structures 432-436 is called a Metal-1 (M1) layer.

Active structures 412 and 414 are formed according to OD layout patterns 312 and 314 in FIG. 3. Conductive structures 422, 424, 425, 426, and 427 are formed according to conductive layout patterns 322-327. Conductive structures 432, 434, and 436 are formed according to conductive layout patterns 332, 334, and 336. Via plugs 442, 444, 445, 446, and 447 are formed according to via plug layout patterns 342-347. Gate structure 452, 454, 456, and 458 are formed according to gate layout patterns 352, 354, 356, and 358. The spatial relationship among various components in FIG. 4 is similar to that of various layout patterns in FIG. 3, and detailed description thereof is thus omitted. Moreover, in some embodiments, none, or some, or all via plugs 442, 444, 445, 446, and 447 are omitted depending on the programming states of their corresponding memory cells.

In some embodiments, memory cells corresponding to gate structure 452, 454, 456, and 458 are N-type transistors. In some embodiments, memory cells corresponding to gate structure 452, 454, 456, and 458 are P-type transistors.

FIGS. 5-8 are cross-sectional views of the memory circuit in FIG. 4 taken along various reference lines in accordance with some embodiments. The components in FIGS. 5-8 that are the same or similar to those in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numbers, and detailed description thereof is thus omitted. Also, one or more dielectric layers and/or isolation structures are omitted in FIGS. 5-8 are omitted.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the memory circuit 400 taken along a reference line AA′ in accordance with some embodiments. Gate structure 452 corresponds to a gate node of a memory cell, such as memory cell 212 in FIG. 2. Gate structure 454 corresponds to a gate node of another memory cell, such as memory cell 214. Conductive structures 422 and 462 are electrically coupled with a shared source portion of active structure 412, and the shared source portion corresponds to source nodes 212 s and 214 s of memory cells 212 and 214. Conductive structures 424 and 464 are electrically coupled with a drain portion of active structure 412 corresponding to the drain node 212 d of memory cell 212. Conductive structures 424 and 464 are electrically coupled with a drain portion of active structure 412 corresponding to the drain node 212 d of memory cell 212. Via plugs 444 and 445 electrically coupling the conductive features 424 and 425 with conductive feature 434. In some embodiments, none, or one, or both of via plugs 444 and 445 are omitted depending on the programming states of the corresponding memory cells.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the memory circuit 400 taken along a reference line BB′ in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the memory circuit 400 taken along a reference line CC′ in accordance with some embodiments. Conductive structures 422 and 468 are electrically coupled with a shared source portion of active structure 414, and the shared source portion corresponds to source nodes 216 s and 218 s of memory cells 216 and 218. As depicted in FIGS. 6 and 7, conductive structure 422 extends to cover the shared source portions of active structures 412 and 414. Via plug 442 electrically couples conductive structure 422 with conductive structure 434.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the memory circuit 400 taken along a reference line DD′ in accordance with some embodiments. Gate structure 454 extends to cover portions of active structures 412 and 414. Gate structure 454 is electrically isolated from conductive features 432, 434, and 436.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method 900 of forming a layout design of a memory circuit in accordance with some embodiments. A set of masks for fabricating the memory circuit is formed based on the layout design. FIG. 9 will be illustrated in conjunction with the examples depicted in FIG. 3. It is understood that additional operations may be performed before, during, and/or after the method 900 depicted in FIG. 9, and that some other processes may only be briefly described herein. Moreover, the method 900 is wholly or partially performed by using a hardware processor, such as processor 1012 in FIG. 10.

The method 900 begins with operation 910, where a first OD layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 312) is placed in the layout design. The layout design is generated based on a circuit design, such as the circuit schematic diagram in FIG. 2. The first OD layout pattern 312 extends along a column direction Y and has a shared source portion 312 a. The shared source portion 312 a is associated with a source node of memory cell 212 and a source node of memory cell 214.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 920, where a second OD layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 314) is placed in the layout design. The second OD layout pattern 314 extends along the column direction Y and has a shared source portion 314 a. The shared source portion 314 a is associated with a source node of memory cell 216 and a source node of memory cell 218.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 930, where a first conductive layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 322) is placed in the layout design. The conductive structure (e.g., conductive structure 422) corresponding to layout pattern 322 is under a lowest via plug layer of the memory circuit. The first conductive layout pattern 322 extends along a row direction X and overlaps the shared source portions 312 a and 314 a. Therefore, layout pattern 322 is associated with the source nodes of memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 940, where a second conductive layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 332) is placed in the layout design. The conductive structure (e.g., conductive structure 432) corresponding to layout pattern 332 is over the lowest via plug layer of the memory circuit. The second conductive layout pattern 332 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the first conductive layout pattern 322. In some embodiments, the second conductive layout pattern 332 overlaps memory cell region 302, 304, 306, and 308.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 950, where a via layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 342) of the lowest via plug layer is placed in the layout design. The via layout pattern 342 overlaps layout patterns 322 and 332. The via plug (e.g., via plug 442) corresponding to layout pattern 342 electrically connecting the conductive structures formed according to layout patterns 322 and 332. Therefore, the layout pattern 332 and via layout pattern 342 are also associated with the source nodes of memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 960, where a third conductive layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 334) is placed in the layout design. The conductive structure (e.g., conductive structure 434) corresponding to layout pattern 334 is over the OD layout pattern 312. The third conductive layout pattern 334 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the drain portions 312 b and 312 c of the OD layout pattern 312. In some embodiments, the third conductive layout pattern 334 overlaps memory cell region 302 and 304.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 970, where a fourth conductive layout pattern (e.g., layout pattern 336) is placed in the layout design. The conductive structure (e.g., conductive structure 436) corresponding to layout pattern 336 is over the OD layout pattern 314. The fourth conductive layout pattern 336 extends along the column direction Y and overlaps the drain portions 314 b and 314 c of the OD layout pattern 314. In some embodiments, the fourth conductive layout pattern 336 overlaps memory cell region 306 and 308.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 980, where one or more via layout patterns (e.g., layout patterns 344, 345, 346, and 347) are selectively placed in the layout design. Each of the via layout patterns 344, 345, 346, and 347 corresponds to a via plug 444, 445, 446, and 447 configured to electrically coupling the conductive structure associated with layout pattern 334 or 336 with a corresponding drain portion 312 b, 312 c, 314 b, or 314 c. Selectively placing one or more of layout patterns 344, 345, 346, and 347 are placed in the layout design is performed based on the programming states of memory cells 212, 214, 216, and 218. In some embodiments, all layout patterns 344, 345, 346, and 347, and operation 980 is omitted.

The method 900 proceeds to operation 990, where a set of masks for fabricating the corresponding memory circuit is formed based on the layout design.

FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of a layout system 1000 in accordance with one or more embodiments. Layout system 1000 includes a first computer system 1010, a second computer system 1020, a networked storage device 1030, and a network 1040 connecting the first computer system 1010, the second computer system 1020, and the networked storage device 1030. In some embodiments, one or more of the second computer system 1020, the storage device 1030, and the network 1040 are omitted.

First computer system 1010 includes a hardware processor 1012 communicatively coupled with a non-transitory, computer readable storage medium 1014 encoded with, i.e., storing, a set of instructions 1014 a, a circuit design 1014 b, a layout design 1014 c, or any intermediate data 1014 d for executing the set of instructions 1014 a. The processor 1012 is electrically and communicatively coupled with the computer readable storage medium 1014. The processor 1012 is configured to execute the set of instructions 1014 a encoded in the computer readable storage medium 1014 in order to cause the computer 1010 to be usable as a layout tool for performing a method as described in conjunction with FIG. 9.

In some embodiments, the set of instructions 1014 a, the circuit design 1014 b, the layout design 1014 c, or the intermediate data 1014 d are stored in a non-transitory storage medium other than storage medium 1014. In some embodiments, some or all of the set of instructions 1014 a, the circuit design 1014 b, the layout design 1014 c, or the intermediate data 1014 d are stored in a non-transitory storage medium in networked storage device 1030 or second computer system 1020. In such case, some or all of the set of instructions 1014 a, the circuit design 1014 b, the layout design 1014 c, or the intermediate data 1014 d stored outside computer 1010 is accessible by the processor 1012 through the network 1040.

In some embodiments, the processor 1012 is a central processing unit (CPU), a multi-processor, a distributed processing system, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or a suitable processing unit.

In some embodiments, the computer readable storage medium 1014 is an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, and/or a semiconductor system (or apparatus or device). For example, the computer readable storage medium 1014 includes a semiconductor or solid-state memory, a magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk, and/or an optical disk. In some embodiments using optical disks, the computer readable storage medium 1014 includes a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), a compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W), and/or a digital video disc (DVD).

The computer system 1010 includes, in at least some embodiments, an input/output interface 1016 and a display unit 1017. The input/output interface 1016 is coupled to the processor 1012 and allows the layout engineer to manipulate the first computer system 1010. In at least some embodiments, the display unit 1017 displays the status of executing the set of instructions 1014 a and, in at least some embodiments, provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI). In at least some embodiments, the display unit 1017 displays the status of executing the set of instructions 1014 a in a real time manner. In at least some embodiments, the input/output interface 1016 and the display 1017 allow an operator to operate the computer system 1010 in an interactive manner.

In at least some embodiments, the computer system 1000 also includes a network interface 1018 coupled to the processor 1012. The network interface 1018 allows the computer system 1010 to communicate with the network 1040, to which one or more other computer systems are connected. The network interface includes wireless network interfaces such as BLUETOOTH, WIFI, WIMAX, GPRS, or WCDMA; or wired network interface such as ETHERNET, USB, or IEEE-1394.

In some embodiments, a memory circuit includes a first active structure extending along a first direction, the first active structure having a shared source portion corresponding to a source node of a first memory cell of the memory circuit and a source node of a second memory cell of the memory circuit, a first drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the first memory cell, and a second drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the second memory cell, a second active structure extending along the first direction, the second active structure having a shared source portion corresponding to a source node of a third memory cell of the memory circuit and a source node of a fourth memory cell of the memory circuit, a third drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the third memory cell, and a fourth drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the fourth memory cell, a first conductive structure extending along a second direction and electrically connecting the shared source portion of the first active structure with the shared source portion of the second active structure, a first bit line extending along the first direction over the first active structure, a second bit line extending along the first direction over the second active structure, and a via plug configured as part of a direct electrical connection between the first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a second conductive structure extending along the first direction and between the first active structure and the second active structure, and another via plug between and electrically connecting the first and second conductive structures. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a third conductive structure between the first conductive structure and the shared source portion of the first active structure, and a fourth conductive structure between the first conductive structure and the shared source portion of the second active structure. In some embodiments, the second conductive structure is located at a metal zero layer of the memory circuit. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a second conductive structure between the via plug and the corresponding one of the first through fourth drain portions, wherein the direct electrical connection includes the second conductive structure. In some embodiments, the second conductive structure is located at a metal zero layer of the memory circuit. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a first word line including a first gate structure between the first active structure and the first bit line and between the second active structure and the second bit line, and a second word line including a second gate structure between the first active structure and the first bit line and between the second active structure and the second bit line, wherein the first conductive structure is between the first and second gate structures. In some embodiments, the direct electrical connection corresponds to a stored datum of the corresponding one of the first through fourth memory cells, the first through fourth memory cells being read-only memory cells. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a sensing circuit corresponding to the one of the first or second bit lines corresponding to the direct electrical connection, and a global controller configured to activate the sensing circuit in a read operation on the stored datum. In some embodiments, each of the first through fourth memory cells includes an N-type transistor.

In some embodiments, a memory circuit includes a first active structure extending along a first direction, the first active structure having a first shared source portion of first and second read-only memory cells, a first drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the first read-only memory cell, and a second drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the second read-only memory cell, a second active structure extending along the first direction, the second active structure having a second shared source portion of third and fourth read-only memory cells, a third drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the third read-only memory cell, and a fourth drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the fourth read-only memory cell, a first bit line extending along the first direction over the first active structure, a second bit line extending along the first direction over the second active structure, and a first shared reference voltage line extending along a second direction and electrically connecting the first and second shared source portions. One of the first through fourth read-only memory cells includes a direct electrical connection between the corresponding first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the corresponding second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a second shared reference voltage line extending between the first and second bit lines, and a via plug between and electrically connecting the first and second shared reference voltage lines. In some embodiments, the first shared reference voltage line is located at a metal zero layer of the memory circuit, and the second shared reference voltage line is located at a metal one layer of the memory circuit. In some embodiments, the memory circuit includes a conductive structure between and electrically connecting the via plug and the first shared reference voltage line. In some embodiments, the direct electrical connection includes a via plug.

In some embodiments, a memory circuit includes a first active structure extending along a first direction, the first active structure having a first source portion shared by a first memory cell and a second memory cell, a first drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the first memory cell, and a second drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the second memory cell, a second active structure being parallel to the first active structure, the second active structure having a second source portion shared by a third memory cell and a fourth memory cell, a third drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the third memory cell, and a fourth drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the fourth memory cell, a first shared reference voltage line extending along a second direction and electrically connected to each of the first source portion and the second source portion, a first bit line extending along the first direction over the first active structure, a second bit line extending along the first direction over the second active structure, a first via plug configured as part of a direct electrical connection between the first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions, and a second shared reference voltage line between the first and second bit lines. The second shared reference voltage line is electrically connected to the first shared reference voltage line through a second via plug. In some embodiments, each of the first and second shared reference voltage lines overlaps a portion of each of the first through fourth memory cells. In some embodiments, the first shared reference voltage line is electrically connected to the first source portion through a first conductive structure and electrically connected to the second source portion through a second conductive structure. In some embodiments, the direct electrical connection includes third and fourth conductive structures between the first via plug and the corresponding one of the first through fourth drain portions, the third conductive structure is at a same conducive layer as the first shared reference voltage line, and the fourth conductive structure is at a same conductive layer as the first and second conductive structures. In some embodiments, each of the first and second bit lines and the second shared reference voltage line are at a same conductive layer.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A memory circuit, comprising: a first active structure extending along a first direction, the first active structure having a shared source portion corresponding to a source node of a first memory cell of the memory circuit and a source node of a second memory cell of the memory circuit, a first drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the first memory cell, and a second drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the second memory cell; a second active structure extending along the first direction, the second active structure having a shared source portion corresponding to a source node of a third memory cell of the memory circuit and a source node of a fourth memory cell of the memory circuit, a third drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the third memory cell, and a fourth drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the fourth memory cell; a first conductive structure extending along a second direction and electrically connecting the shared source portion of the first active structure with the shared source portion of the second active structure; a first bit line extending along the first direction over the first active structure; a second bit line extending along the first direction over the second active structure; and a via plug configured as part of a direct electrical connection between the first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions.
 2. The memory circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a second conductive structure extending along the first direction and between the first active structure and the second active structure; and another via plug between and electrically connecting the first and second conductive structures.
 3. The memory circuit of claim 2, further comprising: a third conductive structure between the first conductive structure and the shared source portion of the first active structure; and a fourth conductive structure between the first conductive structure and the shared source portion of the second active structure.
 4. The memory circuit of claim 2, wherein the second conductive structure is located at a metal zero layer of the memory circuit.
 5. The memory circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a second conductive structure between the via plug and the corresponding one of the first through fourth drain portions, wherein the direct electrical connection comprises the second conductive structure.
 6. The memory circuit of claim 5, wherein the second conductive structure is located at a metal zero layer of the memory circuit.
 7. The memory circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a first word line comprising a first gate structure between the first active structure and the first bit line and between the second active structure and the second bit line; and a second word line comprising a second gate structure between the first active structure and the first bit line and between the second active structure and the second bit line, wherein the first conductive structure is between the first and second gate structures.
 8. The memory circuit of claim 1, wherein the direct electrical connection corresponds to a stored datum of the corresponding one of the first through fourth memory cells, the first through fourth memory cells being read-only memory cells.
 9. The memory circuit of claim 8, further comprising: a sensing circuit corresponding to the one of the first or second bit lines corresponding to the direct electrical connection; and a global controller configured to activate the sensing circuit in a read operation on the stored datum.
 10. The memory circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the first through fourth memory cells comprises an N-type transistor.
 11. A memory circuit, comprising: a first active structure extending along a first direction, the first active structure having a first shared source portion of first and second read-only memory cells, a first drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the first read-only memory cell, and a second drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the second read-only memory cell; a second active structure extending along the first direction, the second active structure having a second shared source portion of third and fourth read-only memory cells, a third drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the third read-only memory cell, and a fourth drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the fourth read-only memory cell; a first bit line extending along the first direction over the first active structure; a second bit line extending along the first direction over the second active structure; and a first shared reference voltage line extending along a second direction and electrically connecting the first and second shared source portions, wherein one of the first through fourth read-only memory cells comprises a direct electrical connection between the corresponding first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the corresponding second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions.
 12. The memory circuit of claim 11, further comprising: a second shared reference voltage line extending between the first and second bit lines; and a via plug between and electrically connecting the first and second shared reference voltage lines.
 13. The memory circuit of claim 12, wherein the first shared reference voltage line is located at a metal zero layer of the memory circuit, and the second shared reference voltage line is located at a metal one layer of the memory circuit.
 14. The memory circuit of claim 12, further comprising: a conductive structure between and electrically connecting the via plug and the first shared reference voltage line.
 15. The memory circuit of claim 11, wherein the direct electrical connection comprises a via plug.
 16. A memory circuit, comprising: a first active structure extending along a first direction, the first active structure having a first source portion shared by a first memory cell and a second memory cell, a first drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the first memory cell, and a second drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the second memory cell; a second active structure being parallel to the first active structure, the second active structure having a second source portion shared by a third memory cell and a fourth memory cell, a third drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the third memory cell, and a fourth drain portion corresponding to a drain node of the fourth memory cell; a first shared reference voltage line extending along a second direction and electrically connected to each of the first source portion and the second source portion; a first bit line extending along the first direction over the first active structure; a second bit line extending along the first direction over the second active structure; a first via plug configured as part of a direct electrical connection between the first bit line and one of the first or second drain portions or between the second bit line and one of the third or fourth drain portions; and a second shared reference voltage line between the first and second bit lines, wherein the second shared reference voltage line is electrically connected to the first shared reference voltage line through a second via plug.
 17. The memory circuit of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second shared reference voltage lines overlaps a portion of each of the first through fourth memory cells.
 18. The memory circuit of claim 16, wherein the first shared reference voltage line is electrically connected to the first source portion through a first conductive structure and electrically connected to the second source portion through a second conductive structure.
 19. The memory circuit of claim 18, wherein the direct electrical connection comprises third and fourth conductive structures between the first via plug and the corresponding one of the first through fourth drain portions, the third conductive structure is at a same conducive layer as the first shared reference voltage line, and the fourth conductive structure is at a same conductive layer as the first and second conductive structures.
 20. The memory circuit of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second bit lines and the second shared reference voltage line are at a same conductive layer. 